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      Linux everywhere!

      Creating a persistent USB drive (for 64bit only)

      FIRST: Disable "fast boot" in Windows and BIOS!
      gentoo: LiveUSB GentooWiki
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      improved from : https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Archiv/Live-USB_-_persistente_Installation/
      Download kubuntu-20.04.2.0-desktop-amd64.iso
      finished, ready to use disk image for minimum 4G flash drives only for 64bit systems (2.7G)
      Follow these few steps strictly to create your own bootable usb kubuntu. Or write my image to your usb drive.
      Burn iso, boot from it.
      Using gparted (from Kubuntu Live DVD):
      My choice was a sandisk cruzer extreme 32 gb usb 3.0 stick (read: up to 260 MB/s, write up to 120MB/s). Plug it in after session login from Live DVD, sometimes perhaps need to replug after partitioning.
      It is normal that there is 1M free allocated space before the first partition after using gparted.
      In my case it is /dev/sdh.
    • create an 4000 Mib fat32 Partition with boot flag, label LiveUSB
    • create an 10000 Mib ext2 Partition, label casper-rw
    • create an btrfs Partition with rest available space, label home-rw
    • optionally create swap
    • It is important to label the names as described: there will be integrated to your system automatically. gparted is able to format the partitions directly.
      example mbr (fdisk -l)
      
       Device     Boot    Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
       /dev/sdh1  *      206848  8398847  8192000  3,9G  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
       /dev/sdh2        8398848 39995391 31596544 15,1G 83 Linux
       /dev/sdh3       39995392 60475391 20480000  9,8G 83 Linux
       /dev/sdh4       60475392 62523391  2048000 1000M 82 Linux swap / Solaris

      If not, format your partitions like:
      mkfs.vfat -F 32 -n LiveUSB /dev/sdh1 
       mkfs.ext2 -b 4096 -L casper-rw /dev/sdh2

      Copy the entire cd content including hidden dirs to the first partition (fat32) on your usb drive. Ignore symlinks error, it is not supported by fat32. Cnfigure grub like this. Fine, if this is your output:
      
       grub-install --root-directory=/media/kubuntu/LiveUSB --no-floppy /dev/sdh
       Installing for i386-pc platform.
       Installation finished. No error reported.

      Last thing to do is edit your grub.cfg in /media/kubuntu/LiveUSB/boot/grub/grub.cfg (my mountpoint) (on fat32 partition) with adding the following lines to make menu entry and boot up the drive:
      menuentry "Start Kubuntu pers 2 defaults" {
       	set gfxpayload=keep
       	linux	/casper/vmlinuz  file=/cdrom/preseed/kubuntu.seed quiet splash persistent fsck.mode=skip  rw  ---
       	#ramdisk_size=1048576 cdrom-detect/try-usb=true keyb=de locale=de_DE
       	#bootkbd=de console-setup/layoutcode=de  root=/dev/ram 
       	initrd	/casper/initrd
       }

      hopefully you are now able to boot the media, notice the right boot order in your bios. Now You can setup the system to your wishes and everything is save. i prefer to make an image from the whole usb drive:
      dd if=/dev/sdh conv=sync,noerror bs=64K status=progress | gzip -c > /path/to/persistent_linux_usb.image.gz

      Sometimes Windows 10 updates can erase your stick, because windows does not like other os beside. With the image it is less work to do new.
      finished, ready to use disk image for minimum 4G flash drives (2.7G) only for 64bit systems
      write to disk like:
      gunzip -c persistent_linux_usb.image.gz | dd of=/dev/sdX

      (use isotousb,rufus or anything else for windows write to flash drive)
      expand casper-rw unmounted with: e2fsck /dev/sdX2 (X2=your device)
      give feedback!

      EFI

      In case of efi and grub version the partition table must be: GPT, which should be do first!
      in gparted go to: > Device > Create Partition Table > gpt
      otherwise do msdos (mbr)/ default. example gpt (using efi)
      Device        Start      End  Sectors  Size Type
       /dev/sdh1      2048  8390655  8388608    4G EFI System
       /dev/sdh2   8390656 33433599 25042944   12G Linux filesystem
       /dev/sdh3  33433600 60485631 27052032 12,9G Linux filesystem
       /dev/sdh4  60485632 62531583  2045952  999M Linux swap

      mkdir /mnt/boot/
       mount /dev/sdh1 /mnt/boot/

      You have
      apt install grub-efi

      this command should work, but there are many things can get wrong:
      grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/boot/ --no-floppy /dev/sdh

      chroot /mnt/boot

      fix grub in chroot when stuck. (consult google for workaround) Add this to your: /etc/grub.d/40_custom or grub.cfg (if mbr)
      menuentry "Persistent" {
       #set root=(hd0,msdos1)
       set gfxpayload=keep
       linux   /casper/vmlinuz  file=/cdrom/preseed/kubuntu.seed quiet splash persistent
        fsck.mode=skip ramdisk_size=1048576 cdrom-detect/try-usb=true keyb=de locale=de_DE bootkbd=de 
        console-setup/layoutcode=de
         root=/dev/ram rw ---
       initrd /casper/initrd.lz 
       }

      then run
      update-grub

      hopefully you are now able to boot the media, notice the right boot order in your bios. Now You can setup the system to your wishes.

      - 6280 Chars - 692 Wörter , Views: 31754
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      letzte Aktualisierung 2022-07-05 03:10:14 von admin

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